Everything about Genetic Material totally explained
Genetic material is used to store the
genetic information of an organic life form. For all currently known living organisms, the genetic material is almost exclusively Deoxyribonucleic Acid (
DNA). Some viruses use (Ribonucleic Acid)
RNA as their genetic material.
The first genetic material is generally believed to have been
RNA, initially manifested by self-replicating RNA molecules floating on bodies of water. This hypothetical period in the evolution of cellular life is known as the
RNA world. This hypothesis is based on RNA's ability to act both as genetic material and as a
catalyst, known as
ribozyme or a
ribosome. However, once
proteins, which can form
enzymes, came into existence, the more stable molecule DNA became the dominant genetic material, a situation continued today. Not only does DNA's double-stranded nature allow for correction of
mutations but RNA is inherently unstable. Modern cells use RNA mainly for the building of proteins from DNA instructions, in the form of
messenger RNA,
ribosomal RNA, and
transfer RNA.
Both RNA and DNA are macromolecules composed of
nucleotides, of which there are four available in each molecule. Three nucleotides compose a
codon, a sort of "genetic word", which is like an
amino acid in a protein. The codon-amino acid translation is known as
Translation (genetics).
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